front 1 List the two principal functions of the testis? | back 1
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front 2 How might enlargement of the prostate interfere with urination or the reproductive ability of the male? | back 2 As it enlarges, layers of tissue surrounding it stops it from expanding causing the gland to press against the urethra. THis constriction of the urethra may lead to non passage of the urine or sperm. |
front 3 The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers? | back 3 Ovulation |
front 4 The rete testis is connected to the epididymis by? | back 4 Large efferent ductules |
front 5 Why are the testes located in the scrotum rather than inside the ventral body cavity? | back 5 Because the testes produce sperm at 2 degrees less than normal body temp. |
front 6 The testis is divided into a number of lobes by connective tissue. Each of these lobes contains one to four______which converge to empty sperm into another set of tubules called the_______? | back 6
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front 7 On average a typical ejaculation releases approximately how many sperm cells? | back 7 300 Million |
front 8 Describe the composition of semen, and name all structures contributing to its formation? | back 8 Sperm and the alkaline secretions of the prostate, seminal vesicles (also containing fructose) and the bulbourethral glands. |
front 9 Of what importance is the fact that seminal fluid is alkaline? | back 9 It helps neutralize the sperm against the acid environment of the female reproductive tract |
front 10 The following is a list of structures of the male reproductive tract: ductus deferens, urethra, ejaculatory duct, epididymis. Put them in correct order in which sperm pass through these structures from the testes to the penis? | back 10
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front 11 How many sperm cells are formed from a primary spermatocyte? | back 11 2 |
front 12 A common part of any physical examination of the male is palpation of the prostate. How is this accomplished? | back 12 Physician gently inserts finger through the anterior wall of the rectum |
front 13 At the time of birth the ovaries contain only ______ oocytes? | back 13 Primary |
front 14 During oogenesis the first meiotic division is completed just prior to? | back 14 ovulation (first polar body) secondary oocyte |
front 15 ova develop from stem cells called? | back 15 Oogonia |
front 16 an ovum will only complete meiosis if it is? | back 16 If it is fertilized by sperm |
front 17 Sperm develop from stem cells called? | back 17 Spermatogonia |
front 18 The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is? | back 18 Progesterone |
front 19 Using the following terms, trace the pathway of sperm from the testes to the urethra: rete testis, epididymis, seminiferous tubule, ductus deferens.? | back 19 Seminiferous tubules => Rete testis => Epididymis => Ductus Deferens |
front 20 The secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary gland is reduced by…? | back 20 Inhibin |
front 21 Projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septae, divide the testis into______? | back 21 Lobules |
front 22 Do any sperm enter the pelvic cavity of the female? Why or why not? | back 22 Yes, because there is no anatomic continuity between the ovary and the first part of the duct system(uterine tube) |
front 23 Name the structures composing the external genitalia, or vulva, of the female? | back 23
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front 24 Match the terms provided with the descriptive statements bellow: fimbriae; uterine tube; uterus; clitoris; hymen; ovary
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front 25 What is an ectopic pregnancy, and how can it happen? | back 25 When a fertilised egg implants itself outside of the uterus (womb) usually in one of the fallopian tubes. Ask teacher |
front 26 List secondary sexual characteristics in both male and female? | back 26
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front 27 The inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is the? | back 27 Endometrium |
front 28 Put the following vestibular-perineal structures in their proper order from the anterior to the posterior aspect: vaginal orifice, anus, urethral opening, and clitoris? | back 28 Clitoris -> Urethral Opening -> Vaginal Orifice -> Anus |
front 29 Assume a couple has just consummated the sex act and the male’s sperm have been deposited in the woman’s vagina. Trace the pathway of the sperm through the female reproductive tract? | back 29
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front 30 A mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior margin of the labia minora is the? | back 30 Clitoris |
front 31 Define ovulation? | back 31 to produce and discharge eggs from an ovary or ovarian follicle |
front 32 Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of? | back 32
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front 33 The structure the sperm enters upon exiting the ductus deferens is the? | back 33 Ejaculatory duct |
front 34 What is the function of the cavernous bodies seen in the male penis? | back 34 The tissue can become engorged with blood, thus making the penis stiff and more effective as a penetrating device. |
front 35 A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for? | back 35 Follicle Maturation |
front 36 Name the three layers of the uterine wall from the inside out?
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front 37 Describe the procedure for self-examination of the breasts. (Men are not exempt from breast cancer)? | back 37 While laying down, place one arm behind your head and with the three middle fingers of the other arm palpate the breast in a circular motion, pressing first lightly, then with increasing pressure. Check the entire breast systematically using a vertical patter from superior lateral to inferior medial regions |
front 38 The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the? | back 38 Uterus |
front 39 What is the function of uterus? | back 39 Organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo |
front 40 Describe the process of synapsis? | back 40 The pairing of homologous chromosomes (23 tetrads become attached to spindle fibers & begin to align on the equator. |
front 41 Define homologous chromosomes? | back 41 Pair of chromosomes that have the same genes at the same location but mayne different alle |
front 42 The developing follicle cells secrete? | back 42 Estrogen |
front 43 A general list of organs of reproductive system? | back 43
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front 44 A Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells in the? | back 44 Cervix |
front 45 Why are spermatids not considered functional gametes? | back 45 They are non-motile and have too much excess baggage to function well in a reproductive capacity |
front 46 Sperm cells are stored within human males in the….? | back 46 Epididymis |
front 47 The structure that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the? | back 47 Ductus deferens |
front 48 Differentiate between spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis? | back 48
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front 49 The life span of a sperm is very short. What anatomical characteristics might lead you to suspect this even if you didn’t know its life span? | back 49 No cytoplasm to store nutrients. |
front 50 Sperm production occurs in the? | back 50 Seminiferous Tubules |
front 51 The sequence of events leading to germ cell formation in the female begins during fetal development. By the time the child is born, all viable oogonia have been converted to….. and are at …….phase of meiosis? | back 51
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front 52 The small paired structures at the base of the penis that produce a lubricating secretion are the? | back 52 Bulbourethral glands |
front 53 The female gametes develop in structures called follicles. What is a follicle? | back 53 A saclike structure containing follicle cells in one or more layers that enclose a developing gamete. |
front 54 What is a corpus luteum? | back 54 ovarian structure that forms from a follicle after ovulation; secretes progesterone and estrogen; prepares uterine lining to foster an embryo |
front 55 The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the? | back 55 Cervix |
front 56 Why are spermatids not considered functional gametes? | back 56
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front 57 The tubular structure that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen is the? | back 57 Seminal Vesicle |
front 58 When in the uterine cycle are progesterone levels the highest? Why? | back 58
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front 59 What is the major hormone produced by the corpus luteum? | back 59 Progesterone |
front 60 The cellular product of spermatogenesis is four…………. ; the final product of oogenesis is one …….. and three ………... ?
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front 61 During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle? | back 61 A new layer of endometrium is formed becoming velvety, thick, well vascularized |
front 62 Why does the corpus luteum deteriorate toward the end of the ovarian cycle? | back 62 Because blood levels of the anterior pituitary hormone LH are very low |
front 63 The cells that are formed at the end of meiosis during sperm production are called? | back 63 Spermatids |
front 64 When during the female menstrual cycle would fertilization be unlikely? Explain why. | back 64 Anytime but the three-day interval (days 14-16) around ovulation (28 day cycle assumed) |
front 65 The menstrual cycle depends on events within the female ovary. The stages of the menstrual cycle are listed below. For each, note its approximate time span and the related events in the uterus; and then to the right, record the ovarian events occurring simultaneously. Pay particular attention to hormonal events. | back 65 |
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front 67 Define zygote? | back 67 a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes |
front 68 The role of the pituitary hormone follicle-stimulating hormone in males is to? | back 68 Initiate Sperm Production in the testes |
front 69 What is the primary function of the corpus luteum? | back 69 Secretion of progesterone for maintenance of pregnancy. |
front 70 Which tube carries sperm from the scrotum to the abdominopelvic cavity? | back 70 Ductus Deferens |
front 71 Fertilization of the ovum usually occurs? | back 71 isthmus of the uterine tube |
front 72 In male, which gland is located just inferior to the urinary bladder? | back 72 Prostate |
front 73 List functions of vagina? | back 73
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front 74 In correct chronological order, the three phases of the human uterine cycle are…? | back 74 menstrual → proliferative → secretory |
front 75 On average a typical ejaculation releases approximately how many sperm cells? | back 75 300 Million |
front 76 In male a tube/duct used by both urinary system and reproductive system is called…? | back 76 Urethra |
front 77 Which portion of the penis contains the urethra? | back 77 Corpus Spongiosum |
front 78 List accessory glands of Male reproductive system? | back 78
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front 79 The male and female genital structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include the……..and ……? | back 79
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front 80 The structure that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the? | back 80 Prostate gland |
front 81 List secondary sexual characteristics in both male and female? | back 81
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front 82 Where in the body are sperm stored? | back 82 Epididymis |
front 83 Sperm cells are stored primarily in the? | back 83 Epididymis |
front 84 The testis is divided into a number of lobes by connective tissue. Each of these lobes contains one to four______which converge to empty sperm into another set of tubules called the_______? | back 84
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front 85 Among human males, both semen and urine normally travel along the…? | back 85 Urethra |
front 86 List hormones required for Spermatogenesis? | back 86
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front 87 Erection in the male is controlled by the _____ nervous system, while ejaculation is controlled by the _____ nervous system? | back 87
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front 88 Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by? | back 88 Peristaltic contractions |
front 89 The female structure that corresponds to the male penis is the? | back 89 Clitoris |
front 90 An enzyme that sperm secretes that is important for penetration is? | back 90 Hyaluronidase |
front 91 Ovulation is stimulated by a surge which hormone? | back 91 LH |
front 92 A reproductive hormone that is secreted directly from a structure in the brain is…? | back 92 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
front 93 During which phase of menstrual cycle a new functional layer is formed in the uterus? | back 93 Proliferation Phase |
front 94 Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they undergo? | back 94 Capacitation |
front 95 Fertilization occurs in the? | back 95 Uterine tube |
front 96 Straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a maze of passageways called the? | back 96 Rete Testis |
front 97 Human sperm cells first arise in the….? | back 97 Seminiferous tubules |
front 98 Immediately after ovulation, estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the? | back 98 Corpus Luteum |
front 99 Increased temperature of the human scrotum would…? | back 99 Reduce the fertility of the man by impairing spermatogenesis |
front 100 The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is? | back 100 leutinizing hormone (LH) |
front 101 During part of the normal menstrual cycle, when the levels of progesterone and estrogen decrease, what will occur? | back 101 Menstruation |
front 102 In correct chronological order, the three phases of the human ovarian cycle are….? | back 102 follicular → ovulation → luteal |
front 103 During which phase of menstrual cycle the old functional layer is sloughed off? | back 103 Menstrual Phase |
front 104 The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the? | back 104 Prepuce (Forskin) |
front 105 What triggers menstruation (menses)? | back 105 When levels of progesterone drops |
front 106 Most of the fluid in ejaculated human semen is produced by…? | back 106 Seminal Vesicles. |
front 107 When in the uterine cycle are progesterone levels the highest? Why? | back 107 Secretory phase. Because it targets the uterine endometrium to prepare for implantation, causes it to be thick, glandular and vascular |
front 108 The inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the? | back 108 Cervix |
front 109 The testis is divided into a number of lobes by connective tissue. Each of these lobes contains one to four______which converge to empty sperm into another set of tubules called the_______? | back 109
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front 110 When during the female menstrual cycle would fertilization be unlikely? Explain why? | back 110 Anytime but the three-day interval (days 14-16) around ovulation (28 day cycle assumed) |
front 111 What are the functions of sustentacular cells of the seminiferous tubules? | back 111
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front 112 What uterine tissue undergoes dramatic changes during the menstrual cycle? | back 112 Endometrium |
front 113 The sequence of events leading to germ cell formation in the female begins during fetal development. By the time the child is born, all viable oogonia have been converted to? primary oocytes In view of this fact, how does the total germ cell potential of the female compare to that of the male? | back 113 much smaller, and the total number is predetermined |
front 114 The epithelium of the seminiferous tubules consists of? | back 114 Spermatogenic cells and sustentacular cells |
front 115 The muscular layer of the uterus is the? | back 115 Myometrium |