front 1 What are the primary reproductive organs of the female reproductive system? | back 1 Ovaries |
front 2 Like the testes, the ovaries produce what 2 products? (Hint: Think a specific cell type and a specific hormone type) | back 2 1. Gametes 2. Sex hormones |
front 3 What are 4 functions of the accessory structures of the female reproductive system in regards to the reproductive cells and/or the fetus? | back 3 1. Transport 2. House 3. Nurture 4. Serve the needs of the fetus |
front 4 The external genitalia of the female reproductive system is also called what? | back 4 The vulva |
front 5 The external genitalia consist of what 8 structures? | back 5 1. Mons pubis 2. Labia majora 3. Labia minora 4. Clitoris 5. External urethral orifice 6. Vaginal orifice 7. Hymen 8. Greater vestibular glands |
front 6 The diamond-shaped region between the anterior end of the labial folds, the ischial tuberosities laterally, and the anus posteriorly is called what? | back 6 The perineum |
front 7 The mons pubis is made up of what type of tissue? | back 7 Adipose tissue or fat |
front 8 What is the function of the mons pubis? | back 8 To cushions the pubic symphysis |
front 9 The mons pubis is covered with what after puberty? | back 9 Coarse hair |
front 10 The labia majora extend from what external genitalia part? | back 10 Extends from the mons pubis |
front 11 The labia majora contain what 3 structures? (Hint: 2 types of glands and 1 type of tissue) | back 11 1. Sebaceous glands 2. Apocrine glands 3. Adipose tissue |
front 12 The labia majora are homolgous to what structure in males? | back 12 The scrotum |
front 13 The labia minora are located medial to what external genitalia part? | back 13 The labia majora |
front 14 Of hair, adipose tissue, and sebaceous glands, the labia minora lack what 2 and contain which one? | back 14 Lack hair and adipose tissue but do contain many sebaceous glands |
front 15 The vestibule is a region that is located between what? | back 15 The two labia minora |
front 16 From anterior to posterior, the vestibule contains what 3 structures of the external genitalia? | back 16 1. Clitoris 2. External urethral orifice 3. Vaginal orifice |
front 17 The clitoris is made up of what tissue type? | back 17 Erectile tissue |
front 18 The clitoris is located where? | back 18 Located where the labia minora meet anteriorly |
front 19 The clitoris is homologous to what male structure? | back 19 The penis |
front 20 The prepuce of the clitoris are skin folds formed by union of what external genitalia structure? | back 20 The labia minora |
front 21 What is the function of the prepuce of the clitoris? | back 21 Hood the clitoris |
front 22 What is the function of the external urethral orifice? | back 22 Serves as the outlet for the urinary system |
front 23 Does the external urethral orifice have any reproductive function? | back 23 No reproductive function |
front 24 The hymen is a thin fold of what type of membrane? | back 24 Mucus membrane |
front 25 The hymen may cover what opening? | back 25 The vaginal opening |
front 26 The greater vestibular glands secrete what substance? | back 26 Mucus |
front 27 What is the function of the greater vestibular glands? | back 27 To lubricate the distal end of the vagina with mucus during coitus aka sexual intercourse |
front 28 The greater vestibular glands are homologous to what glands in males? | back 28 The bulbo-urethral glands |
front 29 What are 5 internal structures of the female reproductive system? | back 29 1. Vagina 2. Uterus 3. Uterine tubes 4. Ovaries 5. Suspending and supporting ligaments |
front 30 The vagina extends for how long? | back 30 About 10 cm or 4 inches |
front 31 The vagina extends from what external structure to what internal structure and in what direction? | back 31 The vestibule to the uterus superiorly |
front 32 The vagina serves as what type of organ and what type of canal? | back 32 1. Copulatory organ 2. Birth canal |
front 33 The vagina also permits what type of flow | back 33 The menstrual flow |
front 34 The uterus is what shape (i.e. like what fruit) and is situated between what 2 body features? | back 34 It's pear-shaped and located between the urinary bladder and the rectum |
front 35 The uterus is what type of organ? | back 35 A muscular organ |
front 36 What is the narrow end of the uterus? | back 36 The cervix |
front 37 How is the cervix directed? | back 37 Inferiorly |
front 38 The major portion of the uterus is referred to as what? | back 38 The body |
front 39 The superior rounded region above the entrance of the uterine tubes is called what? | back 39 The fundus |
front 40 What is implanted in the uterus? | back 40 A fertilized egg |
front 41 What is the function of the uterus during a pregnancy? | back 41 To house the embryo or fetus during its development |
front 42 In some cases, what are 2 other places in which the fertilized egg may implant? | back 42 1. Uterine tube 2. Abdominal viscera |
front 43 When a fertilized egg implants in the uterine tube or the abdominal viscera, what type of pregnancy happens? | back 43 An ectopic pregnancy |
front 44 Are ectopic implantations successful? | back 44 No |
front 45 Why may ectopic implantations in the uterine tubes be dangerous? | back 45 The uterine tubes cannot accommodate the increasing size of the fetus |
front 46 What is the endometrium in regard to the uterus? (Hint: what is it made out of?) | back 46 The thick mucosal lining of the uterus |
front 47 The endometrium has what 2 layers from superficial to deep? | back 47 1. Stratum functionalis 2. Stratum basalis |
front 48 The stratum functionalis sloughs off in approximately how many days? | back 48 About 28 days |
front 49 The stratum functionalis sloughs off in response to what? (Hint: Think cyclic changes and hormones) | back 49 In response to cyclic changes in the levels of ovarian hormones in the female's blood |
front 50 The sloughing-off process is accommodated by what event? (Hint: Think blood) | back 50 Bleeding |
front 51 The sloughing-off process is referred to as what? | back 51 Menstruation |
front 52 What is the function of the stratum basalis? | back 52 To form a new stratum functionalis after menstruation ends |
front 53 The fallopian tubes are also called what? | back 53 Uterine tubes |
front 54 The fallopian tubes are about how long? | back 54 10 cm or 4 inches long |
front 55 The fallopian tubes extend from what internal reproductive structure to what cavity to what region of what internal organ? | back 55 Extends from the ovaries in the peritoneal cavity to the superolateral region of the uterus |
front 56 The distal ends of the tubes have finger-like projections called what? | back 56 Fimbriae |
front 57 Unlike the male system, what is different between the female gonad (ovaries) and the initial part of the female duct system-the uterine tube? | back 57 There is no actual contact |
front 58 Because of the open passageway between the female reproductive organs and the peritoneal cavity, what is the consequence in regard to reproductive system infections? | back 58 Reproductive system infections can cause widespread inflammations of the pelvic viscera |
front 59 Inflammation of the pelvic viscera is called what? | back 59 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
front 60 Give an example of a reproductive system infection? | back 60 Gonorrhea |
front 61 1. STIs stand for what? 2. STDs stand for what? | back 61 1. Sexually transmitted infections 2. Sexually transmitted diseases |
front 62 All of the internal female organs are retroperitoneal except for which set? | back 62 The ovaries |
front 63 How are the ovaries supported and suspended? (Hint: Think ligament) | back 63 Supported and suspended by ligamentous folds of the peritoneum |
front 64 What are the 9 supporting structures of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries? | back 64 1. Broad ligament 2. Mesometrium 3. Round ligaments 4. Uterosacral ligaments 5. Cardinal (lateral cervical) ligaments 6. Mesosalpinx 7. Mesovarium 8. Suspensory ligaments 9. Ovarian ligaments |
front 65 What is the function of the broad ligament in regards to the uterus and uterine tubes? | back 65 Anchors them to the lateral body walls |
front 66 The mesometrium supports what internal reproductive structure and in what direction? | back 66 Supports the uterus laterally |
front 67 The round ligaments anchor what internal reproductive structure to which wall? | back 67 Anchor the uterus to the anterior pelvic wall |
front 68 The uterosacral ligaments secure what internal reproductive structure to what bone and in what direction? | back 68 Secure the uterus to the sacrum posteriorly |
front 69 The cardinal ligaments connect what 2 internal reproductive structures to what wall and how directionally? | back 69 Connect the cervix and vagina to the pelvic wall laterally |
front 70 What is the general function of the mesosalpinx? (Hint: Involves a certain tube) | back 70 Anchors the fallopian tube |
front 71 What is the general function of the mesovarium? | back 71 Supports the ovaries |
front 72 The suspensory ligaments attach what set of internal reproductive structures to what wall? | back 72 Attach the ovaries to the lateral pelvic wall |
front 73 The ovarian ligaments anchor what set of internal reproductive structures to what other internal reproductive structure, and how so directionally? | back 73 Anchor the ovaries to the uterus medially |
front 74 Inside the ovaries, the female gametes or eggs, begin their development in what structures? | back 74 Follicles |
front 75 The growing follicles produce what specific group of hormones? | back 75 Estrogens |
front 76 When a developing egg reaches the appropriate stage of maturity, what happens to it? | back 76 It is ejected from the ovary |
front 77 When mature egg is ejected from the ovary, what is this event called? | back 77 Ovulation |
front 78 After ovulation or the ejection of a mature egg from a follicle, what happens to the ruptured follicle? (Hint: what is it converted to? ) | back 78 The ruptured follicle is converted to a corpus luteum |
front 79 What is a corpus luteum? (Hint: what type of structure?) | back 79 An endocrine structure |
front 80 The corpus luteum secretes what 2 types of hormones? | back 80 1. Progesterones 2. Some estrogens |
front 81 Are the ovaries connected to the fallopian tubes? | back 81 No |
front 82 An ovulated egg is also called what? | back 82 A secondary oocyte |
front 83 An ovulated egg or secondary oocyte enters what cavity? | back 83 The pelvic cavity |
front 84 An ovulated egg or secondary oocyte enters the pelvic cavity, and how is it drawn into the fallopian tubes? | back 84 The waving fimbriae of the fallopian tubes create fluid currents that draw the egg into the lumen of the tubes |
front 85 Once inside the fallopian tubes, an ovulated egg or secondary oocyte makes its way to what internal reproductive structure? | back 85 Makes its way from the fallopian tubes to the uterus |
front 86 The movement of an ovulated egg or secondary oocyte from the fallopian tubes to the uterus occurs how? | back 86 The cilia of the fallopian tubes propel the ovulated egg |
front 87 What is the usual and most desirable site of fertilization? | back 87 The uterine tube |
front 88 How long is an ovulated egg or secondary oocyte viable for after it is ejected from the ovaries? | back 88 24 hours |
front 89 The journey of an egg from the ovary to the uterus is approximately how long? (Hint: Give range of days) | back 89 3-4 days |
front 90 If the most desirable site of fertilization is the fallopian tubes, then how does the sperm reach the ovulated egg or secondary oocyte? (Hint: The sperm must bypass what 2 internal reproductive structures?) | back 90 Must swim through the vagina and uterus and into the fallopian tubes |
front 91 The journey of a sperm to reach an ovulated egg/secondary oocyte is arduous because of what? (Hint: Think of current) | back 91 It must swim against the downward current of ciliary action |
front 92 Identify the blanks. | back 92 |
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front 94 Identify the blanks. | back 94 |
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front 96 Identify the blanks. | back 96 |