front 1 humans and many other animals are _________ | back 1 vertebrates |
front 2 what are vertebrates classified by | back 2 segmented vertebral column |
front 3 what is homeostasis | back 3 goal of physiological regulation and the key to survival in a changing eniornment |
front 4 what is gross anatomy and what is another name for it | back 4 examines large visible structures . also called macroscopic anatomy |
front 5 what is surface anatomy | back 5 a type of gross anatomy that involves the exterior features |
front 6 what is regional anatomy | back 6 a type of gross anatomy that involves certain body areas |
front 7 what is systemic anatomy | back 7 a type of gross anatomy that involves the organ system |
front 8 what is developmental anatomy | back 8 a type of gross anatomy that involves examining someone from conception to death |
front 9 what is clinical anatomy | back 9 a type of gross anatomy studying medical specialities |
front 10 what is microscopic anatomy | back 10 examines cells and molecules |
front 11 define cytology | back 11 the study of cells and their structure |
front 12 define histology | back 12 the study of tissues and their structure |
front 13 what does cell physiology study | back 13 processes within and between cells |
front 14 what does organ physiology study | back 14 functions of specific organs |
front 15 what does systemic physiology study | back 15 functions of an organ system |
front 16 what does pathological physiology study | back 16 effects of diseases |
front 17 what are the levels of organization | back 17 chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-organ system- organism |
front 18 what are the major organs or the integumentary system | back 18 1. skin
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front 19 what are the functions of the integumentary system | back 19 to protect against environmental hazards , help regulate body temp and provide sensory information |
front 20 what are the major organs or the skeletal system | back 20 1. bones
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front 21 what are the functions of the skeletal system | back 21 provides support and protection, stores calcium and other minerals and to form blood cells |
front 22 what are the major organs of the muscular system | back 22 skeletal muscles and associated tendons |
front 23 what are the functions of the muscular system | back 23 movement
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front 24 what are the major organs of the nervous system | back 24 brain
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front 25 what are the functions of the nervous system | back 25 1. directs immediate response to stimuli
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front 26 what are the major organs of the endocrine system | back 26 pituitary gland
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front 27 what are the functions of the nervous system | back 27 1. direct long term changing in activities of other organ systems
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front 28 what are the major organs of the cardiovascular system | back 28 heart
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front 29 what are the functions of the cardiovascular system | back 29 -distributes blood cells, water and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen and carbon dioxide
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front 30 what are the major organs of the lymphatic system | back 30 spleen
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front 31 what are the functions of the lymphatic system | back 31 1. defends against infection and disease
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front 32 what are the major organs of the respiratory system | back 32 nasal cavities
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front 33 what are the functions of the respiratory system | back 33 delivers air to alveoli
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front 34 what are the major organs of the digestive system | back 34 teeth
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front 35 what are the functions of the digestive system | back 35 processes and digest food
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front 36 what are the major organs of the urinary system | back 36 kidneys
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front 37 what are the functions of the urinary system | back 37 excretes waste products from the blood
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front 38 what are the major organs of the male reproductive system | back 38 testes
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front 39 what are the functions of the male reproductive system | back 39 produces male sex cells, suspending fluids, and hormones
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front 40 what are the major organs of he female reproductive system | back 40 ovaries
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front 41 what are the functions of the female reproductive system | back 41 produces female sex cells and hormones
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front 42 what is homeostasis | back 42 all body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment; systems respond to external and internal changes to function within a normal range |
front 43 what are the two mechanisms of regulation | back 43 autoregulation(intrinsic)
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front 44 what is autoregulation (intrinsic) | back 44 automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to some environmental change |
front 45 what is extrinsic regulation | back 45 response controlled by nervous and endocrine systems |
front 46 what are the three parts of homeostasis and what do they do | back 46 receptor-receives the stimulus
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front 47 what is the role of negative feedback | back 47 negate the stimulus and bring body back to homeostasis and normal range is achieved
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front 48 what is the role of positive feedback | back 48 increase change of the stimulus and body is moved away from homeostasis; normal range is lost; used to speed process |
front 49 homeostasis is a state of equalbrium. what does that mean | back 49 opposing forces are in balance |
front 50 what is dynamic equilibrium | back 50 continual adaptation |
front 51 what is superficial anatomy | back 51 locating structures on or near the body surface |
front 52 what are the three anatomical landmarks and their meanings | back 52 anatomical position: hands at side, palms forward
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front 53 what are the anatomical regions | back 53 -body region
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front 54 what are the abdominopelvic quadrants | back 54 right upper quadrant
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front 55 what are the abdominopelvic regions | back 55 right and left hypochondriac region
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front 56 directional terms: anterior | back 56 front surface (naval anterior to trunk surface) |
front 57 directional terms: ventral | back 57 the belly side (navel ventral to trunk surface) |
front 58 directional terms: posterior or dorsal | back 58 the back surface (shoulder blade posterior to rib cage) |
front 59 directional terms: cranial or cephalic | back 59 the head |
front 60 directional terms:superior | back 60 above; at a higher level |
front 61 directional terms: caudal | back 61 the tail (hips caudal to waist) |
front 62 directional terms: inferior | back 62 below; at a lower level (knees inferior to hips) |
front 63 directional terms: medial | back 63 toward the body's longitudinal axis; toward the midsagittal plane ( the medial surface of the thighs may be in contact; moving medially from the arm across the chest surface brings you to the sternum |
front 64 directional terms: lateral | back 64 away from the body's longitudinal axis; away from the midsagittal plane (thigh articulates with the lateral surface of the pelvis; moving laterally form the nose brings you to your cheek) |
front 65 directional terms: proximal | back 65 toward an attached base ( thigh is proximal to the foot; moving proximally from the wrist brings you to the elbow) |
front 66 directional terms: distal | back 66 away from an attached base ( fingers are distal to the wrist; moving distally from the elbow brings you to the wrist |
front 67 directional terms: superficial | back 67 at, near or relatively close to the body surface |
front 68 directional terms: deep | back 68 farther from the body surface |
front 69 what is a plane | back 69 a three dimensional axis |
front 70 what is a section | back 70 a slice parallel to a plane |
front 71 why are planes and sections used | back 71 used to visualize internal organization and structure |
front 72 terms that indicate sectional planes : transverse or horizontal | back 72 perpendicular to long axis. separates superior and inferior portions of the body . a cut in this plane is called a cross section |
front 73 terms that indicate sectional planes : sagittal | back 73 parallel to long axis. separates right and left portions. |
front 74 terms that indicate sectional planes :midsagittal | back 74 plane passes through the mid-line, dividing the body into right and left sides |
front 75 terms that indicate sectional planes : parasagittal | back 75 cut parallel to the midsagittal plane. separates the body into right and left portions of unequal size. |
front 76 frontal or coronal | back 76 separates anterior and posterior portions of the body (coronal used for portions of the skull) |
front 77 what are the 2 essential functions of body cavities | back 77 1. protect organs from accidental shocks
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front 78 what is the ventral body cavity divided by and what are the 2 cavities created | back 78 the diaphragm
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front 79 what do serous membranes do | back 79 line body cavities and cover organs |
front 80 what are the two parts of serous membrane | back 80 partial layer- lines cavities
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front 81 what is the thoracic cavity composed of and what do they contain | back 81 right and left pleural cavities and they contain the right and left lung |
front 82 what is the upper portion of the medisatium filled with | back 82 blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus |
front 83 what is the lower portion of the medisatium contain | back 83 pericardial cavity |
front 84 what does the periocardial cavity contain | back 84 the heart |
front 85 what is the peritioneal cavity | back 85 chamber within abdominopelvic cavity |
front 86 what does the peritioneal cavity contain | back 86 parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum |
front 87 what does the parietal peritoneum do | back 87 line the internal body wall |
front 88 what does the visceral peritoneum do | back 88 covers the organs |
front 89 what is the abdominal cavity | back 89 the superior portion |
front 90 what does he abdominal cavity contain | back 90 the diaphragm to top of pelvic bones
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front 91 what is the retroperitoneum and what does it contain | back 91 area posterior to peritoneum and anterior to muscular body wall. contains pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and parts of the digestive tract |
front 92 what is the pelvic cavity | back 92 the inferior portion |
front 93 where is the pelvic cavity and what does it contain | back 93 within pelvic bones and contains reproductive organs, rectum, and bladder |