front 1 When stem cells called spermatogonia divide, one differentiates into a primary spermatocyte, What happens to the second daughter cell? | back 1 It remains in the outer layer of the seminiferous tubule |
front 2 Which of the following occurs during the process of spermiogenesis | back 2 Spermatids differentiate into mature sperm |
front 3 Which of the following is not a function of sustencular cells? | back 3 Produce androgens, particularly testosterone |
front 4 Colostrum contains ____ than breast milk. | back 4 More proteins and less fat |
front 5 At puberty, what change occurs in the cardiovascular system of males? | back 5 Stimulation of erythropoiesis |
front 6 If you are homozygous for a trait (such as curly hair), what does that mean for your phenotype? | back 6 You will express that trait |
front 7 What is the composition of the filtrate in the capsular space? | back 7 Similar to plasma, only no proteins |
front 8 Why is the presence of microvilli important to the epithelial tissue of the PCT? | back 8 Because reabsorption is occurring |
front 9 How is you genotype distinguished from your phenotype? | back 9 Genetic makeup/anatomical and physiological characteristics of an individual |
front 10 Which of the following traits is inherited in a codominant fashion? What does codominant mean? | back 10 Type AB blood type/Both dominant and recessive traits are equally expressed |
front 11 If one parent is homozygous dominant for a trait (ZZ)and the other parent is homozygous recessive for the same trait (zz), what is the outcome in their offspring? | back 11 A and B are correct |
front 12 If a mother is a carrier for colorblindness (XCXc) and a father is colorblind (XcY), what is the chance for colorblindness in their female progeny? | back 12 1/2 will be colorblind, XcXc |
front 13 Why are children not identical copies of their parents? | back 13 All of the above are factors |
front 14 How is the generation of four sperm possible from one spermatogonium | back 14 Meiosis I yields two haploid secondary spermatocytes, which go through meiosis II and become four haploid spermatids |
front 15 If secretions from the prostate gland are absent from semen, how does the composition of semen change? | back 15 Its pH is higher and its volume decreases by about 30% |
front 16 What nephron structures are involved in filtration? | back 16 Glomerular capillaries, lamina densa, and filtration slits of the podocytes |
front 17 What is the role of capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP)? | back 17 Pushes water and solutes out of filtrate into plasma |
front 18 What direct affect does sympathetic activation have on GFR? | back 18 Produces powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole |
front 19 Where is concentration of urine the greatest? Why? | back 19 In the medulla/concentrating mechanism relies on osmosis |
front 20 If a male has his prepuce surgically removed, what has happened to him? | back 20 He has been circumcised |
front 21 What will happen to the penis if the arteries withing the penis dilate? | back 21 The male attains an erection |
front 22 What is a direct effect of low FSH secretion in males? | back 22 The rate of sperm production decreases |
front 23 All of the following except ____ are effects of angiotensin II | back 23 Inhibition of ADH release |
front 24 How long does it take for a sperm to reach ovum? Why? | back 24 30 minutes to 2 hours/contraction of uterine musculature and ciliary action assist sperm travel |
front 25 What important role do hyaluronidase and acrosin play in fertilization? | back 25 Penetration of the zona pellucida |
front 26 What process of chemical interplay among developing cells prompts the differentiation of other embryonic cells? | back 26 Induction |
front 27 Which of the three embryonic germ layers consists of cells that do not migrate to the interior of the inner cell mass? | back 27 Ectoderm |
front 28 Which body system develops form all three embryonic germ layers? | back 28 Endocrine system |
front 29 What is the developmental fate of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst? | back 29 It becomes an embryo |
front 30 Improper development of which of the extraembryonic membranes affects the cardiovascular system? | back 30 Yolk sac |
front 31 How would the absence of juxtamedullary nephrons affect the volume of urine and its osmotic concentration? | back 31 Increase volume; decrease osmotic concentration |
front 32 Which structures move with the testes during their descent from the abdomen? | back 32 Ductus deferens, testicular artery, lymph vessels, and nerves |
front 33 The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ____. | back 33 Nephron loop |
front 34 Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle? | back 34 a vasa recta |
front 35 An increase in the permeability of the cell of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ___. | back 35 increase in the production of ADH |
front 36 The urinary bladder is composed of ____ epithelium. | back 36 transitional |
front 37 The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ___. | back 37 by a decrease in the blood pressure |
front 38 Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system? | back 38 eliminates solid, undigested wastes and excretes carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat |
front 39 The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is _____. | back 39 osmosis |
front 40 Most electrolyte reabsorption by renal tubules is ___. | back 40 hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments |
front 41 The macula densa cells respond to ___. | back 41 changes in solute content of the filtrate |
front 42 Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule? | back 42 creatinine |
front 43 The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ___. | back 43 plasma protein |
front 44 Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid? | back 44 aldosterone |
front 45 Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ___. | back 45 reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention |
front 46 Respiratory acidosis can occur when ___. | back 46 a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction |
front 47 Total body water is not a function of which of the following? | back 47 amount of water ingested |
front 48 Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body? | back 48 anabolism of lipids |
front 49 Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body? | back 49 aldosterone |
front 50 The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ___. | back 50 plasma |
front 51 Newborn infants have relatively higher ____ content in their ECF than do adults. | back 51 sodium |
front 52 Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? | back 52 GnRH |
front 53 The "master switch" for male reproductive development is ____. | back 53 the SRY gene |
front 54 The primary function of the uterus is to ____. | back 54 receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum |
front 55 Why is the blood-testis barrier important? | back 55 because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system |
front 56 The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the _____. | back 56 fallopian tubes |
front 57 If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain? | back 57 twice the dipliod number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development would not occur |
front 58 Human egg and sperm are similar in that ____. | back 58 they have the same number of chromosomes |
front 59 The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ___. | back 59 meiosis |
front 60 Fertilization generally occurs in the ___. | back 60 Fallopian tubes |
front 61 Spermiogenesis involves the ____. | back 61 formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytopasm |
front 62 Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum? | back 62 labia majora |
front 63 In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ___. | back 63 identical |
front 64 How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth? | back 64 They move away from the pelvic cavity |
front 65 Effects of estrogen include ____. | back 65 growth of the breasts at puberty |
front 66 Secretion of progesterone stimulates ____. | back 66 preparation of the mammary glands for lactation |
front 67 Which of the following statements about sperm is not true? | back 67 The sperm midpiece consists of mitochondria spiraled tightly around the contractile filaments of the tail |
front 68 The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ____. | back 68 interstitial endocrine cells |
front 69 The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the ___. | back 69 sustentocytes |
front 70 Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females? | back 70 the mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system |
front 71 Normally menstruation occurs when ___. | back 71 blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease |
front 72 The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ___. | back 72 in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produces and in spermatogenesis four mature spermare produced from one parent cell |
front 73 Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an uequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise? | back 73 The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies |
front 74 Which of the following will occur after ovulation? | back 74 The endometrium enters its secretory phase |
front 75 Which of the following is not a germ layer? | back 75 epiderm |
front 76 The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs at ____. | back 76 gastrulation |
front 77 Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum? | back 77 human chorionic gonadotropin |
front 78 Which of the following events does not occur during the first 8 weeks of development? | back 78 myelination of the spinal cord |
front 79 Which of the following is not a correct matching of a fetal structure with what it becomes at birth? | back 79 ductus arteriosus - ligamentum teres |
front 80 Which body system of a pregnant woman undergoes the most dramatic physiological changes during pregnancy? | back 80 cardiovascular system |
front 81 A premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is called ____. | back 81 abrupto placenta |
front 82 The correct sequence of preembryonic structures is ____. | back 82 zygot, morula, blastocyst |
front 83 Those characteristics that can be determined on superficial inspection of an individual are known as ___. | back 83 phenotypic |
front 84 Is genetic diversity due entirely to inherited genes on the sex chromosomes? | back 84 No, because genetic diversity has nothing to do with the sex chromosomes but is due to crossing-over of chromosomes, independent assortment of chromosomes, and segregation of chromosomes |
front 85 A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one genetically unique. This is due to ____. | back 85 independent assortment and random crossover |
front 86 In meiosis the spermatozoa that are produced are genetically unlike each other and unlike the cell that produces them. This is one reason for the great variation among humans. What cause this effect? | back 86 crossing-over and independent assortment only |
front 87 The reason recessive genetic disorders are more frequent than disorders inherited as dominant it that ____. | back 87 carriers are not eliminated by the disease before passing the defective alleles on to their offspring |
front 88 The gene responsible for the condition known as sickle-cell anemia demonstrates _____. | back 88 incomplete dominance |
front 89 An example of multiple-allele inheritance is ____. | back 89 the ABO blood group |
front 90 Which of the following is true concerning environmental influence on genetic expression? | back 90 drugs and nutrition can alter normal gene expression |
front 91 Sex chromosomes of a normal male are ____. | back 91 XY |
front 92 A woman has blond hair and brown eyes. This statement is best described as indicating ____. | back 92 phenotype |
front 93 Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ____. | back 93 inhibits the release of ADH |
front 94 The function of angiotensin II is to ____. | back 94 constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure |