front 1 Ovary - produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. Pituitary gland - storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain. Testis - Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristics. Adrenal glands - Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids Hypothalamus - Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ. | back 1 no data |
front 2 Bones and muscles - Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Mammary glands - Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) Testes or ovaries - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Thyroid - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) Adrenal cortex - Cortocotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) | back 2 no data |
front 3 Addison's disease - hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex Acromegaly - autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland Diabetes mellitus - hyposecretion of the pancreas Pituitary dwarfism - hyposecretion of growth hormone Graves disease - hypersecretion of growth hormone | back 3 no data |
front 4 Cushing's disease - hypersecretion of adrenal cortex Myxedema - hyposecretion of thyroid in adults Acromegaly - hypersection of growth hormone Cretinism - hyposecretion of thyroid in infants | back 4 no data |
front 5 Thyroid - produces the body's major metabolic hormones Adrenal medulla - gland that controls the fight-or-flight reaction Hypophysis - the size and shape of a pea: produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. Parathyroid - produces a hormone that controls blood levels of calcium and potassium by their removal from bone tissue. Pancreas - produces hormones that regulate glucose levels in the body. | back 5 no data |
front 6 Zona glomerulosa - produces aldosterone Zona fasciculate - produces glucocorticoids, produces androgens, excess hormone levels result in Cushings syndrome. Adrenal medulla - produces epinephrine, hormones mimic sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters | back 6 no data |
front 7 Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of _______ | back 7 cortisol |
front 8 Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by _____ | back 8 thymus gland |
front 9 All of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular _______ | back 9 second messengers |
front 10 What is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus | back 10 enzyme |
front 11 Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________ | back 11 hormones |
front 12 The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract | back 12 partly contained within the infundibulum |
front 13 Oxytocin | back 13 release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism |
front 14 ADH | back 14 Is inhibited by alcohol |
front 15 Thyroid hormone exerts its influence by | back 15 entering some cells and binding to intracellular receptors within the nuclei |
front 16 Gonadocortioids | back 16 production by the adrenal gland is insignificant compared with sex hormone release from the gonads during late puberty |
front 17 Prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as | back 17 down-regulation |
front 18 What is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? | back 18 direct control of the nervous system |
front 19 The ability of specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on? | back 19 the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ |
front 20 Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the _______ | back 20 hypophyseal portal system |
front 21 The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because _____ | back 21 it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release |
front 22 Steroid hormones exert their action by ______ | back 22 entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene |
front 23 The second messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ? | back 23 binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP |
front 24 Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because? | back 24 during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes |
front 25 Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond , It is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible because _____ | back 25 G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers |
front 26 Thyroid hormone enters target cells in a manner similar to_____ | back 26 steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells |
front 27 When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that Is released during the alarm phase of the general adaption syndrome is ________ | back 27 epinephrine |
front 28 One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which describes this mechanism? | back 28 humoral stimulation |
front 29 The major targets of growth hormones are ______ | back 29 bones and skeletal muscles |
front 30 The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through _____ | back 30 targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released |
front 31 Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP? | back 31 the heart |
front 32 Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ______ | back 32 cortisol |
front 33 no data | back 33 adipocytes |
front 34 The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is ______ | back 34 aldosterone |
front 35 What is not a steroid based hormone? | back 35 epinephrine |
front 36 Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells? | back 36 a hormone-receptor complex that interacts directly with the cells DNA |
front 37 Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messengers systems include ___ | back 37 possible activation of several different second-messenger systems |
front 38 Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ______ | back 38 first enter into the hypophyseal portal system |
front 39 ACTH _______ | back 39 secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion |
front 40 What is true about calcium homeostasis? | back 40 Parathyroid hormone is the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood |
front 41 Aldosterone ________ | back 41 functions to increase sodium reabsorption |
front 42 The only amine hormone to act like a steroid is ______ | back 42 TH |
front 43 Which organ does not have a hormone production? | back 43 liver |
front 44 In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ______ | back 44 up-regulation |
front 45 Eicosanoids do not include _____ | back 45 hydrocortisones |
front 46 A man was told that he is not synthesizing enough FSH, and for this reason he ay be unable to father a child. Explain this problem... | back 46 FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes |
front 47 What organ is affected by thyroid hormone in adults? | back 47 liver |
front 48 Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but it's mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Why is this _____ | back 48 it does not require a second messenger to effect a response |
front 49 How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress? | back 49 by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure |
front 50 What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid based hormones? | back 50 calcium |
front 51 What hormones are synthesized from cholesterol? | back 51 Steroids |
front 52 ________ is a hormone that has only one known effect: to stimulate milk production by the breasts. | back 52 Prolactin |
front 53 ________ are the result of hypersecretion of growth hormone | back 53 acromegaly & gigantism |
front 54 The largest pure endocrine gland in the body is the ______ | back 54 thyroid |
front 55 Which hormone stimulates production of RBC's and which organ or structure produces it? | back 55 erythropoietin, kidneys |
front 56 Alpha islet cells produce _______, an extremely potent hyperglycemic hormone | back 56 glucagon |
front 57 The _____ gland my influence our day/night cycles and even regulate the onset of sexual maturity | back 57 pineal |
front 58 The ____ gland declines in size and function with age | back 58 thymus |
front 59 Endocrine gland stimuli include hormonal, _____, and ______ stimuli | back 59 humoral, neural |
front 60 As a result of stress, the adenohypophysis releases _____, which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar and begin breaking down fats. | back 60 ACTH |