front 1 Cells | back 1 The basic unit of life which all living things are made of. |
front 2 Unicellular | back 2 Organism composed of a single cell. |
front 3 Multicellular | back 3 Organism composed of more than 1 cell. |
front 4 Organization of a multicellular organism | back 4 |
front 5 Organelle | back 5 A differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function. |
front 6 Eukaryotic Cell | back 6 A cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
front 7 Prokaryotic Cell | back 7 A cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
front 8 Tissue | back 8 A group of cells working together to perform a function |
front 9 Nucleus | back 9 The 'brain' of the cell. Organelle that contains DNA and controls the functions of the cell. |
front 10 Mitochondria | back 10 Organelles that are the site of cellular respiration (process that
converts energy in glucose into useable energy, ATP) |
front 11 Ribosomes | back 11 Small organelles found in all cells, made of RNA and protein; sites
of protein synthesis. |
front 12 Endoplasmic Reticulum | back 12 A network of membranes in an eukaryotic cell that is interconnected
with the outer nuclear membrane that allow for transport of material.
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front 13 Golgi Body or Golgi Apparatus | back 13 A membranous organelle in an eukaryotic cell that modifies, packages,
sorts and transports molecules of the cell. |
front 14 Chloroplast | back 14 The organelle where photosynthesis occurs (process that converts solar energy into glucose); contains chlorophyll. NOT in animal cells. |
front 15 Central Vacuole | back 15 A membrane-bound compartment that stores water, waste, and ions. NOT in animal cells. |
front 16 Cell Wall | back 16 A rigid structure surrounding a cell, outside the cell membrane, that
gives the cell support and shape; made of cellulose. |
front 17 Bacteria | back 17 A prokaryotic unicellular organism. |
front 18 Components of Cell Membrane | back 18 Membrane is fluid/flexible with components floating throughout.
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front 19 Semipermeable | back 19 Cell membrane allows some molecules to enter and leave the cell, but not all materials. |
front 20 Organ | back 20 A collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function, such as stomach, small intestine. |
front 21 Passive Transport | back 21 Movement of materials across a membrane that does NOT require energy from the cell. Movement of material with the concentration gradient (from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration). |
front 22 Diffusion | back 22 Type of passive transport (does NOT require energy) in which atoms and molecules move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. |
front 23 Osmosis | back 23 Diffusion of water into or out of the cell. Form of passive transport (does NOT require energy. Moves from high water concentration to low water concentration. |
front 24 Facilitated Diffusion | back 24 Type of passive transport (does NOT require energy) that uses a
protein as a channel. |
front 25 Active Transport | back 25 Movement of materials across a membrane that REQUIRES an input of energy from a cell. Movement of material against the concentration gradient (from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration). |
front 26 Endocytosis | back 26 A type of active transport (REQUIRES energy) used to bring materials into the cell using a vacuole. |
front 27 Exocytosis | back 27 A type of active transport (REQUIRES energy) used to move material out of the cell using a vacuole. |
front 28 Sodium-Potassium Pump | back 28 Maintains, by active transport, the resting potential of a nerve cell by pumping sodium ions (Na+) into a cell and potassium ions (K+) out of a cell to keep the interior of the cell negative in relation to the cell's external environment, which is positive. Reverses charges - interior becomes positive and exterior become negative when an action potential is activated sending a message down the nerve cell. |
front 29 Organ system | back 29 A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task, such as digestive system, nervous system etc. |
front 30 Organism | back 30 An individual form of life, such as a plant, animal, bacterium,
protist, or fungus. |
front 31 Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane | back 31 Membrane that surrounds all cells and controls what enters and leaves the cell. Composed of 2 layers of phospholipids. |
front 32 Phospholipid Bilayer | back 32 The construction of the cell membrane - 2 layers of phospholipids arranged where the polar heads point outwards and nonpolar tails point inwards. |
front 33 Carrier or Transport Proteins | back 33 Proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane involved with facilitated diffusion and active transport. |
front 34 Concentration Gradient | back 34 The difference in concentration of molecules across a membrane.
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front 35 Equilibrium | back 35 A stable or balanced system. The number of solutes on each side are balanced. |
front 36 Vesicles | back 36 A small organelle within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane. |
front 37 Cytoplasm | back 37 Consists of the cytosol (liquid part of cell) and organelles in the cell, which includes everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Where metabolic processes occur in the cell. |
front 38 Hydrophilic | back 38 water loving, polar heads on phospholipids |
front 39 Hydrophobic | back 39 water hating, nonpolar fatty acid chains on phospholipids |