front 1 4 basic categories of disease | back 1 congenital infectious inherited degenerative |
front 2 congenital disease | back 2 disease you are born with (defect) |
front 3 infectious disease | back 3 disease caused by a microorganism |
front 4 inherited disease | back 4 a genetic disorder |
front 5 degenerative disease | back 5 disease that occurs over time due to environmental factors (smoking, age, obesity, etc) |
front 6 Elements of a disease | back 6 etiology diagnosis prognosis symptoms treatment |
front 7 etiology | back 7 cause of a disease |
front 8 diagnosis | back 8 the identification of a disease based on symptoms, tests, observations and history |
front 9 symptoms | back 9 signs indicating an illness |
front 10 treatment | back 10 medication or therapies used to alleviate symptoms and disease |
front 11 prognosis | back 11 predicted outcome of having the illness |
front 12 Main organs of the Cardiovascular System | back 12 heart arteries veins capillaries arterioles venules blood |
front 13 Main organs of the Respiratory system | back 13 nose, nasal cavity, mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm |
front 14 Parts of the stethescope | back 14 bell: low pitched sounds diaphragm: high pitched sounds tubing ear piece |
front 15 Tools to asses cardiovascular system | back 15 EKG auscultation heart rate blood pressure |
front 16 systole | back 16 contraction |
front 17 diastole | back 17 relaxation |
front 18 Lubb sound of the heart | back 18 closing of the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral) |
front 19 Dupp sound of the heart | back 19 closing of the semilunar valves (pulmonic valve, aortic valve) |
front 20 What stimulates the heart to contract? | back 20 sinoatrial node (pacemaker) |
front 21 What does SOAP stand for? | back 21 S-subjective (what the patient tells you) O-objective ( doctor observations, tests) A-assessment (diagnosis) P-plan (what is the treatment and prognosis) |
front 22 Two main cavities in the body | back 22 Dorsal (in the back, holds the cranial and spinal cavities) Ventral (in the front of the body, holds the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) |
front 23 Which cavity holds the heart and lungs? | back 23 the thoracic cavity |
front 24 3 stages of respiration | back 24 external respiration internal respiration cellular respiration |
front 25 the stages of breathing (ventilation) | back 25 inspiration expiration |
front 26 hypertention | back 26 high blood pressure (bp over 130/80) |
front 27 bronchitis | back 27 inflammation of the bronchi |
front 28 emphysema | back 28 occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity |
front 29 epistaxis | back 29 nose bleed |
front 30 tachycardia | back 30 rapid heart rate |
front 31 mitral valve stenosis | back 31 narrowing of the bicuspid or mitral valve |
front 32 4 major techniques of the physical exam | back 32 auscultation: listening to the sounds of heart, lungs, abdomen palpation: feeling of the body percussion: tapping parts of the body observation: looking and perceiving |
front 33 horizontal recumbent (supine) | back 33 laying on one's back examination of the front of the body |
front 34 prone | back 34 lying on the stomach examination of the back |
front 35 Fowler's position | back 35 sitting at a 45 degree angle aids in breathing reduces distress |
front 36 Trendelenberg position | back 36 head is lower than the feet increase circulation to the head |
front 37 BMI | back 37 body mass index normal 18.5-24.9 weight in kg/height in m2 indicates if the weight is normal, underweight or overweight |
front 38 Tools to check vision | back 38 Snellen Chart Ishihara test: color blindness Jaeger system: |
front 39 S1 sound | back 39 lubb sound (closing of AV valves) listen to the apex of the heart area (T,M) |
front 40 S2 sound | back 40 dupp sound (closing of semilunar valves) listen to the base of the heart area (A and P) |
front 41 Irregular sounds | back 41 S3, S4, murmur |
front 42 Lung auscultation | back 42 Anterior: upper lobes of lungs Posterior: lower lobes of lungs Listen for inspiration/expiration, pitch, quality, character (wheezing, ronchi, rales, etc) |
front 43 bowel auscultation | back 43 listening for sounds of working intestines hypoactive: slow to no sounds (slow movement, sleep, medicine) hyperactive: lots of sounds (gas, diarrhea, after eating) |