Principles of Anatomy and Physiology: The Digestive System Flashcards

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1

Which of following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system?

  1. Ingestion
  2. Secretion
  3. Mixing and propulsion
  4. Absorption
  5. None of the above

C

2

Which of following processes is the primary function of the mouth?

  1. Ingestion
  2. Secretion
  3. Mixing and propulsion
  4. Absorption
  5. None of the above

A

3

Which of following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine?

  1. Ingestion
  2. Secretion
  3. Mixing and propulsion
  4. Absorption
  5. None of the above

D

4

Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid to soften food?

  1. Teeth
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Liver
  4. Gallbladder
  5. Pharynx

B

5

Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats?

  1. Teeth
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Liver
  4. Gallbladder
  5. Pharynx

C

6

Which of the following accessory organs stores bile?

  1. Teeth
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Liver
  4. Gallbladder
  5. Pharynx

D

7

The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called

1. Motility

2. Propulsion

3. Digestion

4. Defecation

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 3 only
  4. 4 only
  5. Both 1 and 2

E

8

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels.

  1. Mucosa
  2. Lamina propria
  3. MALT
  4. Musclaris
  5. Epithelium

B

9

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis.

  1. Submucosa
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Epithelium
  4. Serosa
  5. None of the above

A

10

This layer functions by secreting a lubricating fluid.

  1. Serosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Mucosa
  5. MALT

A

11

These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response.

  1. Mucosa
  2. Lamina propria
  3. MALT
  4. Submucosa
  5. Serosa

C

12

This plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis.

  1. ENS
  2. Myenteric plexus
  3. Submucosal plexus
  4. Digestive plexus
  5. Absorption plexus

B

13

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

  1. Because they stimulate the parasympathetic nerves supplying the GI tract
  2. Because they stimulate the somatic nerves that supply the GI tract
  3. Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract
  4. They do not affect digestion
  5. Because all emotions are controlled by the Vagus nerve

C

14

This portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine.

  1. Greater omentum
  2. Falciform ligament
  3. Lesser omentum
  4. Mesentery
  5. Mesocolon

A

15

This portion of the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.

  1. Greater omentum
  2. Falciform ligament
  3. Lesser omentum
  4. Mesentery
  5. Mesocolon

B

16

This portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines.

  1. Greater omentum
  2. Falciform ligament
  3. Lesser omentum
  4. Mesentery
  5. Mesocolon

E

17

The hard palate

1. Is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

2. Is formed by the maxillae and palatine bones

3. Is covered by a mucous membrane

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. 3 only
  4. Both 1 and 2
  5. All of the above

E

18

Lateral to the base of the uvula in the mouth, this muscular fold runs posteriorly down the lateral sides of the soft palate to the pharynx.

  1. Uvula
  2. Palatoglossal arch
  3. Palatopharyngeal arch
  4. Parotid glands
  5. Sublingual glands

C

19

In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with

  1. Gingivae
  2. Cementum
  3. Periodontal ligament
  4. Pulp
  5. Root

C

20

Deciduous molars are replaced by

  1. Bicuspids
  2. Molars
  3. Incisors
  4. Canines
  5. Wisdom teeth

A

21

Which of the following contains skeletal muscle?

  1. Muscularis
  2. Mucosa
  3. Serosa
  4. Submucosa

A

22

How many stages of deglutition are there?

  1. 2
  2. 3
  3. 4
  4. 5
  5. 8

B

23

This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage.

  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Pylorus
  4. Rugae
  5. Sphincter

D

24

Which of the following secrete hydochloric acid?

  1. Mucous cells
  2. Parietal cells
  3. Chief cells
  4. Serosa cells
  5. Chyme cells

B

25

This cell secretes the hormone that promotes production of hydrochloric acid.

  1. Neck cell
  2. Chief cell
  3. G cell
  4. Chyme cell
  5. Parietal cell

C

26

How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices?

  1. 10 minutes
  2. 20 minutes
  3. 30 minutes
  4. 45 minutes
  5. 1 hour

E

27

This major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions.

  1. Pancreatic duct
  2. Hepatopancreatic duct
  3. Cystic duct
  4. Bile duct
  5. Hepatic duct

A

28

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes digests lipids?

  1. Trypsin
  2. Elastase
  3. Lipase
  4. Pepsin
  5. All of the above

C

29

This is the heaviest gland of the body.

  1. Heart
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
  4. Large intestine
  5. Thyroid

B

30

This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in a fetus.

  1. Coronary ligament
  2. Falciform ligament
  3. Round ligament
  4. Kupffer ligament
  5. Bile ductules

C

31

This is the principle bile pigment.

  1. Stercobilin
  2. Bilirubin
  3. Biliverdin
  4. Both A and B
  5. All of the above

B

32

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

  1. Conversion of carbohydrates
  2. Protein metabolism
  3. Storage of bilirubin
  4. Phagocytosis
  5. Storage of vitamins

C

33

Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme?

  1. Goblet cells
  2. Absorptive cells
  3. Mucosa cells
  4. Paneth cells
  5. S cells

D

34

Brunner's glands

  1. Secrete an acidic mucus
  2. Secrete an alkaline juice
  3. Secrete an alkaline mucus
  4. Secrete an acidic juice

C

35

Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides as products?

  1. Lipase
  2. Amylase
  3. Trypsin
  4. Phosphatase
  5. Ligase

A

36

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to on glycogen and starches?

  1. Chymotrypsin
  2. Amylase
  3. Trypsin
  4. Phosphatase
  5. Nucleosidase

B

37

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on peptide bonds?

  1. Chymotrypsin
  2. Amylase
  3. Pepsin
  4. Phosphatase
  5. Nucleosidase

A

38

This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine.

  1. Pepsin
  2. Secretin
  3. Gastrin
  4. Cholecystokinin
  5. Amylase

B

39

This hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine.

  1. Pepsin
  2. Secretin
  3. Gastrin
  4. Cholecystokinin
  5. Amylase

D

40

This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins.

  1. Bicarbonate ion
  2. mucus
  3. Bile
  4. Hydrochloric acid
  5. Water

D

41

This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon.

  1. Ileocecal sphincter
  2. Pyloric sphincter
  3. Appendix
  4. Sigmoid colon
  5. Anal canal

A

42

Which of the following is NOT the primary function of the large intestine?

  1. Mechanical digestion
  2. Chemical digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Feces formation
  5. Regulation of blood glucose

E

43
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What is line A pointing to?

  1. Lumen
  2. MALT
  3. Mucosa
  4. Submucosa
  5. Muscularis

B

44
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What layer is composed of areolar connective tissue and epithelium?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

E

45
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Which layer contains the lamina propria?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

B

46
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This consists of calcified connective tissue.

  1. A
  2. B
  3. E
  4. F
  5. G

B

47
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What is line F pointing to?

  1. Pulp cavity
  2. Cementum
  3. Root canal
  4. Alveolar bone
  5. Gingival sulcus

B

48
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This has an opening called the apical foramen.

  1. A
  2. F
  3. G
  4. H
  5. I

C

49
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This is the portion of the stomach that connects to the duodenum.

  1. A
  2. E
  3. D
  4. B

C

50
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What does line G point to?

  1. Pylorus
  2. Pyloric sphincter
  3. Ruggae
  4. Pyloric antrum
  5. Greater curvature

D

51
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This is the area where pyloric stenosis occurs.

  1. E
  2. F
  3. G
  4. B
  5. I

A

52
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What is line I pointing to?

  1. Greater curvature
  2. Lesser curvature
  3. Body
  4. Fundus
  5. Cardia

D

53
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Which of the following cells secrete mucus?

  1. B
  2. C
  3. D
  4. E

A

54
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Which of the following cells secretes intrinsic factor?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

C

55
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Which of the following cells secretes gastrin?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

E

56
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Which of the following cells secretes pepsinogen?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. E

D

57
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Name the structure labeled F

  1. Parietal cell
  2. Gastric glands
  3. Gastric pit
  4. Chief cell
  5. Simple columnar epithelium

C

58
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Name the structure labeled G

  1. Parietal cell
  2. Gastric glands
  3. Gastric pit
  4. Chief cell
  5. Simple columnar epithelium

B

59
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Name the structure labeled C

  1. Parietal cell
  2. Gastric glands
  3. Gastric pit
  4. Chief cell
  5. Simple columnar epithelium

A

60
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Name the structure labeled D

  1. Parietal cell
  2. Gastric glands
  3. Gastric pit
  4. Chief cell
  5. Simple columnar epithelium

D

61
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Name the layer labeled A

  1. Submucosa
  2. Serosa
  3. Longitudinal muscle
  4. Mucosa
  5. Circular muscle

E

62
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Name the layer labeled B

  1. Submucosa
  2. Serosa
  3. Longitudinal muscle
  4. Mucosa
  5. Circular muscle

C

63
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Name the layer labeled C

  1. Submucosa
  2. Serosa
  3. Longitudinal muscle
  4. Mucosa
  5. Circular muscle

B

64
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Name the layer labeled E

  1. Submucosa
  2. Serosa
  3. Longitudinal muscle
  4. Mucosa
  5. Circular muscle

D

65
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Name the layer labeled D

  1. Submucosa
  2. Serosa
  3. Longitudinal muscle
  4. Mucosa
  5. Circular muscle

A

66
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The enzyme produced in the organ labeled C which digests DNA is called:

  1. Deoxyribonuclease
  2. Ribonuclease
  3. Salivary amylase
  4. Pepsin
  5. Sucrase

A

67
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The enzyme produced in the organ labeled C which digests RNA is called:

  1. Sucrase
  2. Deoxyribonuclease
  3. Salivary amylase
  4. Ribonuclease
  5. Pepsin

D

68
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The enzyme, produced in the organ labeled C, that produces fatty acids and monoglycerides during digestion is called:

  1. Sucrase
  2. Pancreatic lipase
  3. Salivary amylase
  4. Trypsin
  5. Elastase

B

69
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The enzyme, produced in the organ labeled D, that produces both glucose and fructose as products is called:

  1. lactase
  2. pancreatic lipase
  3. sucrase
  4. pepsin
  5. nucleases

C

70
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The enzyme, produced in the organ labeled D, that produces both glucose and galactose as products is called:

  1. lactase
  2. pancreatic lipase
  3. sucrase
  4. pepsin
  5. nucleases

A

71
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An enzyme, produced in the organ labeled D, that produces only glucose as a product is called:

  1. maltase
  2. pancreatic lipase
  3. sucrase
  4. pepsin
  5. nucleases

A

72
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An enzyme, produced in the organ labeled D, that produces only glucose as a product is called:

  1. pancreatic lipase
  2. sucrase
  3. lactase
  4. α-dextrinase
  5. chymotrypsin

D

73
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The enzyme, active in the organ labeled D, that has starches as a substrate is:

  1. Trypsin
  2. Salivary amylase
  3. Ribonuclease
  4. α-dextrinasee
  5. Pancreatic amylase

E

74
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Which enzyme, active in organ D, has nucleotides as a substrate?

  1. ribonuclease
  2. salivary amylase
  3. phosphatases
  4. α-dextrinase
  5. Pancreatic amylase

C

75
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Which enzyme, active in organ D, has nucleotides as a substrate?

  1. nucleases
  2. Salivary amylase
  3. α-dextrinase
  4. nucleosidases
  5. pancreatic amylase

D

76
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Which of the following disorders result in an enlargement of the organ labeled G?

  1. peritonitis
  2. heartburn
  3. mumps
  4. vomiting
  5. pancreatitis

C

77
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Name the disorder caused by a lack of proper enzymatic action in the organ labeled D resulting in diarrhea, gas and bloating after consumption of dairy products

  1. peritonitis
  2. heartburn
  3. gallstones
  4. lactose intolerance
  5. pancreatitis

D

78
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Which of the following disorders involving the organ labeled F can result from cholesterol crystallization?

  1. peritonitis
  2. heartburn
  3. mumps
  4. gallstones
  5. pancreatitis

D

79
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Which of the following disorders involving the organ labeled C can result from alcohol abuse?

  1. heartburn
  2. mumps
  3. pancreatitis
  4. peritonitis
  5. vomiting

C

80
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Which of the following disorders involving the organ labeled E can result from viruses, drugs and chemicals such as alcohol?

  1. heartburn
  2. mumps
  3. pancreatitis
  4. hepatitis
  5. vomiting

D

81
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Which of the following disorders can occur in the organ labeled B?

  1. Appendicitis
  2. mumps
  3. pancreatitis
  4. hepatitis
  5. peptic ulcers

E