Site where sperm are stored until they are ejaculated?
Tail of epididymis
Contained within the spermatic cord
testicular arteries and veins
Sperm is produced in the _____.
seminiferous tubule
The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. What role do they play?
they regulate the temperature of the testes
The cells thaat produce testosterone in the testis are called...
interstitial cells
Which portion of the penis is removed during circumcision?
Prepuce (foreskin)
Male acessory ducts transports both sperm cells and urine...
urethra
Does NOT emply material into the are of the prostatic urethra...
bulbo-urethral gland
The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include ...
corpus spongiosum
What glands responsible for about 70% of the volume of semen...
the seminal glands
Erection from the penis results from ....
a parasympathetic reflex
Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?
The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes
What is the function of meiosis?
to produce cells with half the chromosome number of the original spermatogonium or oogonium
At what point during meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up?
prophase I
What cells remain at the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells?
type A daughter cells
Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces
4 haploid cells
A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during
interphase
During prophase I of meiosis
homologous chromosomes stick togehter in pairs
Correct order of events during meiosis is...
prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, meiosis II
During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombinaiton of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombinaiton occur?
prophase I
The number of chromosomes in a human gamate is _____; this is referred to as a _____ chromosome number.
23; haploid
Does not occur during meiosis I
sister chromatids are separated from each other.
During spermatogenesis
the acrosome migrates towards the anterior end of the spermatid becasue its hydrolytic enzymes will be needed for penetration when the sperm contacts the egg during fertilization.
What reduces circulating blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) when sperm count is high?
inhibin
If gamates were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain?
twice the number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur.
What is the testicular target for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Inhibin
Which hormone promotes the formation of secondary sex characteristics such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair; enhanced hair growth on the chest; and deepenin gof the voice?
Testosterone
What directly interferes with sperm production?
interruption by sustentocytes' produciton of ABP
The release of ______ encourages sustentocytes to release _____.
follicle-stimulating hormone; androgen-binding protein
Function of testosterone
stimulate the male pattern of development, stimulate protein synthesis, contribute to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis.
Which hormone stimulates the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?
GnRH
A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such as that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grow to maturity, one would expect that he would .....
be sterile.
What female sex hormones is most responsible for estrogenic effects?
Estradiol
What part of the female system is the usual site for fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?
Uterine (fallopian) tube (oviduct)
Which layer of the uterus is made of smooth muscle?
Myometrium
The correct pathway of the egg after leaving the ovary and entering the uterine tube?
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterus
The ______ is shed during each menstruation and is then regenerated by the ______.
Stratum functionalis; stratum basalis
In cervical cancer, which cancer cells that cover the cervical tip are most likely to be abnormal?
Squamous epithelial cells
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the _______.
uterine tubes
T/F
The uterine endometrium has a functional layer that the embryo will implant into.
True
T/F
The narrow portion of the uterus near the cervix is the most typical site of fertilization.
False
T/F
The myometrium of the uterine contracts to expell the fetus during child brith.
True
T/F
The uterine's rhythmic, reverse peristalsis can propel sperm toward the egg.
True
Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg?
Stratum functionalis of the endometrium
What part of the breast produces milk?
alveoli
Cells released during ovulation...
secondary oocyte
What is the main difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in terms of meiosis?
The number of functional gametes produced in different.
T/F
Oocytes complete meiosis II before they are fertilized.
False-females are born with primary oocytes that are stalled in prophase I until puberty. At the onset of puberty the overies begin oogenesis. During oogenesis 3 polar bodies and one functional gamate are produced. Oogenesis is achieved through meiosis. However, the ovulated secondary oocyte arrests in metaphase II and does not complete meiosis until it is fertilized.
Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed from one stem cell?
The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its journey to the uterus.
A surge _____ directly triggers ovulation.
luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is the site of FSH and LH stimulation after ovulation?
Corpus luteum
What event coincides with the transition from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase?
Ovulation
During what phase of the female's uterine cycle is the uterine lining shed?
Menstrual phase
Oral contraceptive pill, contains estrogen and progesterone or a synthetic mimic of this hormone. The combination of these two hormones work because...
they mimic the activities of pregnancy and disrupt the ovarian cycle, preventing ovulation.
Normally menstruation occurs when ______.
blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease.
The uterine cycle...
if fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo
Hormonal events of the ovarian cycle
positive feedback on the pituitary causes a spike in LH release which triggers ovulation.
Uterine cycle
-causes a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signal menstruation.
-the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation.
-estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle.
What is an effect of estrogen in females?
promotes oogenesis