Microbiology: Chapter 17 selftest Flashcards

Antigen converts these into plasma cells.

Involved in cell-mediated immunity.

Directed against transplanted tissue cells & cancer cells.

Have been influenced by the thymus.

Defend mainly against bacteria & viruses circulating in blood & lymph.

Responsible for rejection of foreign tissue transplants.

Based on antibodies produced as a result of recovery from a disease.

Passed to fetus by transplacental transfer.

Passed to recipient by injection of gamma globulin blood fraction from other people.

Based on production of antibodies by vaccination.

An incomplete antigen that will react w/antibodies but will not, by itself, stimulate their formation.

The number of determinant sites on an antigen or antibody.

The soure of B cells & T cells.

Chemical messengers by which cells of immune system communicate w/each other.

The relative strength of the antigen-antibody bond.

A pentamer; the first antibody class to appear, though comparatively short-lived.

The most abundant immunoglobulin in serum.

Functions of this immunoglobulin class are not well defined, but it is found on the surface of B cells.

Involved in allergic reactions, such as hay fever.

Often forms dimers of 2 immunoglobulin monomers.

Synonym for antigens.

B cells that interact w/self-antgens are destroyed.

Protein bound to IgA immunoglobulins.

Blood fration that contains most of the serum immunoglobulins.

Antigenic; will stimulate the production of antitoxins.

Activated B cell proliferates into a large clone of cells, some of which will differentiate into plasma cells.

CD4+

CD8+

Can differentiate into CTLs.

Present T-dependent antigens to B cells.

Recognize & target cells that carry endogenous antigens.

Requires assitance of a T helper cell to form antibodies.

Typically a protein.

Typically a polysaccharide such as a bacterial capsule.

Cytokine that inhibits viral infections.

Released by a cytotoxic T lymphocyte to lyse a target cell.

Stem region of an antibody molecule.

Programmed cell death.

First breast milk secretions of mammal.

Adjective applied to a component in IgA that protects it from enzyme activity.

Adjective applied to the cells that actually produce antibodies after a B cell is stimulated by an antigen.

Usual configuration of IgA

Clumping of antigens when binding w/antibodies.

Coating of target cell w/antibody that enhances phagocytosis.

Coating of target cell w/antibody that leads to lysis by substances secreted by immune cells external to the target cell.

Releative amont of antibody in the serum.

Communicate between leukocytes.

A factor in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Control pathways by which stem cells develop into different red or white blood cells.

Induce migration of leukocytes into areas of infection.

Resistance present at birth that does not involve humoral or cell-mediated immunity is ____________________________ immunity.

A(n) ___________ site is specific chemical group on an antigen that combines with the antibody.

The five monomers that constitute the IgM molecule are held together by a ________________.

The antibody ________________ is the measured amount of antibody in the serum.

Certain lymphocytes called ________ cells kill virus-infected cells & tumor cells, but are not immunologically specific. They contact & kill the target cells.

B cells derive their name from an organ in poultry, the ___________.

CD is short for cluster of ___________.

Low-molecular-weight substances such as penicillin that do not (by themselves) cause formation of antibodies are known immunologically as ___________.

The second time we encounter an antigen, our immune response is faster & more intense; this is termed the ______ response.

Some antibodies are poorer matches for an antigen than others; they are said to have less _________.

The subpopulation of T cells that mostly activate cells related to cell-mediated immunity such as macrophages, CD8+ T cells, & natural killer cell is _____________.

An antigen-presenting cell (APC)that is not efficient at phagocytosis, but is the most important in APC, is called a_________.