Human Anatomy & Physiology: Study Area Chapter 27 The Reproductive System Flashcards

Meiosis results in __________.

two identical diploid cells
two nonidentical haploid cells
four identical diploid cells
four nonidentical diploid cells
four nonidentical haploid cells

In terms of the male sexual response, parasympathetic stimulation causes __________.

fertilization
erection of the penis
ejaculation
spermiogenesis
the penis to become flaccid

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that __________.

the mature ovum is haploid and the sperm is diploid
the mature ovum is diploid and the sperm is haploid
two polar bodies are produced in spermatogenesis
one mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and four mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis
spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only

The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the __________.

hypothalamus
vestibular gland
pineal gland
vagina
ovary

The primary sex organ(s) of the male is/are the __________.

epididymis
testes
prostate
penis
seminal vesicle

The reason that the testes are suspended in the scrotum is to __________.

create extra space for the sex organs
to reduce the chance of infection from the enteric bacteria
protect sperm from the immune system
to provide a cooler temperature
place sperm storage sites nearer to the penis

The sperm’s acrosome __________.

provides the blood testis barrier
has a high density of mitochondria
provides motility
contains enzymes
contains nutrients

In terms of the male sexual response, parasympathetic stimulation causes __________.

fertilization
erection of the penis
ejaculation
spermiogenesis
the penis to become flaccid

The usual site of fertilization is the __________.

vagina
vulva
ovary
uterine tube
uterus

The uterine layer shed with each monthly cycle is the __________.

perimetrium
tunica albuginea
myometrium
basal layer of endometrium
functional layer of endometrium

__________ cells, located between seminiferous tubules, produce testosterone.

Sustentacular
Interstitial
Myometrial
Follicle
Thalamic

In which uterine phase does the functional layer of the endometrium start to rebuild?

preovulatory
proliferative
ovulation
secretory
menstrual

What is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States?

gonorrhea
genital warts
syphilis
chlamydia
vaginitis

Which cell type is ovulated from the ovary?

ovum
oogonium
primary oocyte
secondary oocyte
tertiary oocyte

In order, list the structures sperm will pass through from the testes to the external urethral orifice.

epididymis, ampulla, seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, spongy urethra, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory duct
ejaculatory duct, epididymis, seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, spongy urethra, prostatic urethra, ampulla
epididymis, seminiferous tubules, ampulla, vas deferens, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory duct, spongy urethra
seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, spongy urethra

End of Question 15

Which male structure is homologous to the female’s clitoris?

penis
pubis
scrotum
prostate gland
epididymis

Which of the following represents the order in which reproductive hormones are secreted in males?

FSH, GnRH, LH, testosterone
FSH, LH, GnRH, testosterone
GnRH, LH/FSH, testosterone, inhibin
FSH, GnRH, testosterone, LH
LH, GnRH, FSH, testosterone

Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the __________.

corpus luteum
tertiary follicles
corpus albicans
secondary follicles
primary follicles

Sperm are produced in the __________.

interstitial cells
seminiferous tubules
prostate gland
seminal gland
epididymis
spermatic cord

In a typical or “average” cycle, ovulation occurs on day __________.

1
5
14
21
28

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics found in women?

progesterone
LH
estrogen
FSH
prolactin

During anaphase I, what structures separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

sister chromatids
tetrads
nucleoli
nonhomologous chromosomes

The muscular layer of the uterine wall is called the __________.

perimetrium
myometrium
epimetrium
endometrium

Which hormone stimulates the ruptured ovarian follicle to become the corpus luteum?

GnRH
estrogen
LH
FSH

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the regulation of the number of sperm produced in the testes?

gonadotropin-releasing hormone
testosterone
PSA
inhibin

Which of the following statements about myoid cells is true?

They surround the seminiferous tubules and contract rhythmically to squeeze sperm and testicular fluid through the tubules out of the testes.
When they contract, they cause wrinkling of the scrotal skin.
They elevate the testes.
They form a duct that conveys sperm from the epididymis to the prostate gland.

Which of the following structures help(s) to keep the testes at a cool temperature?

the interstitial endocrine cells
the rete testis
the testicular arteries
the pampiniform plexus

Which of the following structures passes through the inguinal canal?

the epididymis
the ejaculatory duct
the prostatic urethra
the spermatic cord

Which of the following structures makes up most of the male urethral length?

spongy urethra
ejaculatory duct
membranous urethra
prostatic urethra

Which statement about vasectomies is FALSE?

They involve a minor surgical procedure.
They are approximately 10% reversible.
The part of the ductus deferens that lies in the scrotum is cut.
They are a highly effective method of birth control.

Which of the following is considered a primary sex organ in males?

scrotum
prostate gland
penis
testes

In response to warmth, the scrotum __________.

increases its surface area
becomes heavily wrinkled
decreases blood flow to the testes
pulls the testes closer to the body

The main component of semen is sperm.
True
False

The diploid chromosome number in humans is __________.

12
23
24
46

Which of the following is true about meiosis?

Meiosis leads to the production of genetically identical cells.
Meiosis involves only one cell division event.
Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number.
Meiosis is how most cells in the body divide.

Conversion of haploid spermatids to functional sperm is specifically called __________.

spermiogenesis
meiosis
spermatogenesis
mitosis

The area of the sperm cell that contains many mitochondria is the __________.

head
tail
midpiece
acrosome

__________ acts upon the __________ to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Testosterone; sustentocytes
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); sustentocytes
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary
Testosterone; anterior pituitary

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone?

maintains male libido
decreases sperm production
maintains male secondary sex characteristics
stimulates maturation of male sex organs

The ovaries are situated retroperitoneally next to the kidneys.
True
False

The __________ is shed during menstruation.

perimetrium
stratum basalis
myometrium
stratum functionalis

The __________ of the mammary glands are responsible for producing milk during lactation.

lactiferous sinuses
alveoli
areolae
lactiferous ducts

The pH of the adult female vagina is normally __________.

acidic
basic
neutral
alkaline

Choose the FALSE statement about oogenesis.

In oogenesis, three polar bodies and one functional gamete are produced.
Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries.
In humans, the secondary oocyte must complete meiosis II before it can be fertilized.
Primary oocytes are stalled in prophase I until puberty.

Which of the following are MISMATCHED?

follicular phase; development of a secondary oocyte within a dominant follicle
luteal phase; characterized by decreased progesterone levels
ovarian cycle; monthly series of events associated with maturation of an egg
ovulation; release of a secondary oocyte

__________ stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Progesterone
Estrogen
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Inhibin

The functional layer of the endometrium is shed in response to __________.

decreased progesterone levels
decreased estrogen levels
increased progesterone levels
increased estrogen levels

Which of the following is NOT an effect of estrogen?

helps to sustain the density of the skeleton
promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics in females
promotes oogenesis
promotes diuresis (water loss)

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the female sexual response?

The final phase of the female sexual response is orgasm.
Female orgasm is not required for conception.
Testosterone is the hormone that is primarily responsible for female libido.
The female sexual response is similar to that of males.

__________ is a sexually transmitted disease that is associated with cervical cancer.

Trichomoniasis
Syphilis
Genital warts
Genital herpes

The __________ develop into the female duct system.

paramesonephric ducts
mesonephric ducts
gonadal ridges
urethral folds