1) Antoni van
Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to
A) use a magnifying glass.
B) develop a taxonomic
system.
C) view protozoa and bacteria.
D) disprove
spontaneous generation.
E) prove the germ theory.
C
2) The microbes commonly known as __________ are single-celled
eukaryotes that are generally motile.
A) archaea
B)
bacteria
C) fungi
D) protozoa
E) viruses
D
3) Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?
A) The group includes seaweeds and kelps.
B) They are
photosynthetic organisms.
C) They provide most of the oxygen on
Earth.
D) They are important in the degradation of dead plants
and animals.
E) They are a source of food for aquatic and marine animals.
D
4) Microbes that can
live in the presence or absence of oxygen are called
A) anaerobes.
B) facultative anaerobes.
C)
obligate parasites.
D) archaea.
E) prokaryotes.
B
5) Which of the
following scientists provided evidence in favor of the concept of
spontaneous generation?
A) Pasteur
B) Needham
C) Redi
D)
Buchner
E) Spallanzani
B
6) The microbial production of alcohol from sugar is known as
A) fermentation.
B) pasteurization.
C)
metabolism.
D) abiogenesis.
E) antisepsis.
A
7) Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?
A) Fungi are eukaryotes.
B) Molds form hyphae.
C)
Fungi have a cell wall.
D) Fungi are photosynthetic.
E)
Yeasts are unicellular
D
8) Which of the
following statements concerning Koch's postulates is FALSE?
A) Koch's postulates cannot be used to demonstrate the
cause of all diseases.
B) A suspected pathogen must be able to be
grown in the laboratory.
C) All of Koch's postulates must be
satisfied before an organism can be proven to cause a particular
disease.
D) Koch's postulates involve the experimental infection
of susceptible hosts.
E) A suspected pathogen must be found in
the majority of individuals with a particular disease.
E
9) Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals
to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery?
A)
Nightingale
B) Snow
C) Ehrlich
D) Lister
E) Semmelweis
D
10) The study of the body's defenses against pathogens is
called
A) etiology.
B) immunology.
C)
chemotherapy.
D) molecular biology.
E) epidemiology.
B
11) Which of the following questions largely stimulated the research
of microbes during what is known as the Golden Age of
Microbiology?
A) What causes disease?
B) How do
genes work?
C) Is spontaneous generation of microbes
possible?
D) How are microbes related?
E) What causes
disease, and is spontaneous generation of microbes possible?
E
12) The microbial activity of __________ is responsible for the
production of various foods.
A) archaea
B)
bacteria
C) fungi
D) protozoa
E) both fungi and bacteria
E
13) What scientist
first hypothesized that gene sequences could provide new insights
into evolutionary relationships between organisms such as microbes?
A) Woese
B) Avery
C) Ehrlich
D)
Kluyver
E) Pauling
E
14) Work by __________ laid the foundations of the field of
environmental microbiology.
A) Redi and
Spallanzani
B) Koch and Pasteur
C) Beijerinck and
Winogradsky
D) Lister and Semmelweis
E) Pauling and Woese
C
15) According to
Kluyver and van Niel, which of the following are true of basic
biochemical reactions?
A) They are shared by all living things.
B) There
are an unlimited number of them.
C) They primarily involve the
transfer of electrons and ions.
D) Basic biochemical reactions
shared by all living things primarily involve transfer of electrons
and hydrogen ions.
E) They primarily involve transfers of
chemical groups
D
16) Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which
of the following diseases?
A) cholera
B) puerperal
fever
C) smallpox
D) anthrax
E) syphilis
B
17) Paul Ehrlich used
chemotherapy to treat
A) cholera.
B) cancer.
C) anthrax.
D)
smallpox.
E) syphilis.
E
18) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
A) They are visible with a light microscope.
B) They are
acellular.
C) They are composed of genetic material and
protein.
D) They are smaller than prokaryotic cells.
E) They
are obligatory parasites.
A
19) The first true vaccine protected against disease caused by a
__________ pathogen.
A) bacterial
B)
protozoal
C) fungal
D) viral
E) archaeal
D
20) All of the following individuals were involved in improving
public health in the 19th century EXCEPT
A) Snow.
B)
Spallanzani.
C) Nightingale.
D) Semmelweis.
E) Lister.
B
21) Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an example of which of the following
types of microbes?
A) fungus
B) protozoan
C)
prokaryote
D) alga
E) virus
A
22) Inserting a gene from the hepatitis B virus into yeast so that
the yeast produces a viral protein is an example of
A)
etiology.
B) genetic engineering.
C) immunology.
D)
microbial genetics.
E) gene therapy.
B
23) Which of the
following was NOT an aspect of Pasteur's experiments to disprove
spontaneous generation?
A) The necks of the flasks he used were bent into an
S-shape.
B) He boiled the infusions to kill any microbes
present.
C) The flasks were incubated for very long periods of
time.
D) The flasks were free of microbes until they were
opened.
E) The flasks he used were sealed with corks.
E
24) Proteins that promote chemical reactions in the cell are
called
A) spores.
B) enzymes.
C) genes.
D)
protozoa.
E) flagella.
B
25) Which of the
following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?
A) Most exhibit asexual reproduction.
B) They are
single-celled organisms.
C) They are eukaryotic
organisms.
D) They are the microbes most similar to
plants.
E) They frequently possess cilia or flagella.
D
26) Which of the following scientists was the first to develop a
taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
A)
Linnaeus
B) Needham
C) Leeuwenhoek
D) Lister
E) Pasteur
A
27) Which of the following is NOT an observation Pasteur made
concerning the fermentation of grape juice?
A) Yeast can
grow with or without oxygen.
B) Bacteria produce acid in grape
juice.
C) Pasteurization kills yeast to prevent spoilage of
grape juice.
D) Yeast cells can grow and reproduce in grape
juice.
E) Yeast can grow in sealed or open flasks of grape juice.
C
28) Put the following
events in the history of microbiology in order, from the earliest to
the latest:
I. Leeuwenhoek observes microbes using a microscope.
II.
Pasteur disproves spontaneous generation.
III. Woese discovers
the archaea.
IV. Fracastoro proposes that "germs" cause
disease.
V. Ehrlich discovers the first "magic
bullet."
A) III, IV, I, II, V
B) V, IV, I, III,
II
C) IV, I, V, II, III
D) III, V, II, IV, I
E) IV, I,
II, V, III
E
29) John Snow's research during a cholera outbreak in London laid the
foundation for which of the following branches of microbiology?
A) infection control
B) epidemiology
C)
immunology
D) both infection control and epidemiology
E)
infection control, epidemiology, and immunology
D
30) Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following
topics EXCEPT
A) the cause of anthrax.
B) the cause
of fermentation.
C) development of a method to prove the cause of
an infectious disease.
D) the cause of tuberculosis.
E)
techniques for isolating microbes in the laboratory.
B
31) Which of the
following is an INCORRECT pairing?
A) protozoa: multicellular
B) fungi: cell
walls
C) algae: aquatic and marine habitats
D) prokaryotes:
no nuclei
E) viruses: acellular parasites
A
32) What was the first disease proven to be bacterial in
origin?
A) yellow fever
B) cholera
C)
anthrax
D) malaria
E) tuberculosis
C
33) The work of Lister, Nightingale, and Semmelweis all contributed
to controlling infectious disease by
A) developing
techniques for isolating pathogens.
B) developing methods for
reducing nosocomial infections.
C) identifying the sources of
infectious agents.
D) determining the taxonomic relationships
among microbes.
E) developing vaccines.
B
34) Who discovered penicillin?
A) Fleming
B) Ehrlich
C) Kitasato
D)
Pasteur
E) Domagk
A
35) All of the following were involved in developing the germ theory
of disease EXCEPT
A) Koch.
B) Pauling.
C)
Fracastoro.
D) Snow.
E) Pasteur.
B
36) Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are
called
A) fungi.
B) pathogens.
C)
eukaryotes.
D) prokaryotes.
E) viruses.
D
37) The term that literally means "against putrefaction"
is
A) antisepsis.
B) prokaryote.
C)
chemotherapy.
D) recombinant technology.
E) nosocomial.
A
38) The term __________ refers to an infection acquired in a health
care setting.
A) abiogenesis
B)
bioremediation
C) spontaneous generation
D)
nosocomial
E) archaea
D
39) The term __________ literally means "produces
disease."
A) prokaryote
B) pathogen
C)
nosocomial
D) facultative anaerobe
E) animalcule
B
40) The study of the causation of disease is known as
A)
epidemiology.
B) immunology.
C) biotechnology.
D)
etiology.
E) chemotherapy.
D
41) The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged
environments is
A) epidemiology.
B)
bioremediation.
C) chemotherapy.
D) serology.
E) ecology.
B
42) The term __________ means the study of the blood components that
fight infection.
A) antisepsis
B)
chemotherapy
C) etiology
D) serology
E) bioremediation
D
43) The study of the occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease
is known as
A) biotechnology.
B)
epidemiology.
C) molecular biology.
D) serology.
E) biochemistry.
B
44) The taxonomic scheme developed by Linnaeus remains largely unchanged in modern biology.
A - True
B - False
B
45) Christian Gram devised a staining technique that divides all bacteria into two groups.
A - Ture
B - False
A
46) The production of human blood-clotting factor by E. coli is an example of bioremediation.
A - True
B - False
B
47) Walter Reed proved that a virus causes yellow fever in humans.
A - Ture
B - False
A
48) Gene therapy is a modern approach to preventing infectious disease.
A - True
B - False
B
49) Koch's postulates can be used only to prove the causes of infectious diseases.
A - True
B - False
A
50) Joseph Lister reduced the incidence of wound infections in health care settings by using chlorinated lime water.
A - True
B - False
B
51) Robert Koch developed a vaccine to prevent anthrax after identifying the causative agent.
A - Ture
B - False
B
52) Fermentation can occur in the absence of living cells.
A - True
B - False
A
53) Lazzaro Spallanzani was the first scientist to provide evidence disproving the spontaneous generation of microorganisms.
A - True
B - False
A
54) Microbes that move by means of cilia are __________.
protozoa
55) A cell that contains a nucleus is called a(n) __________ cell.
eukaryotic
56) A(n) __________ organism makes its own food using solar energy.
photosynthetic
57) Microbes that cause infectious disease are called __________.
pathogens
58) An asexual method of reproduction associated with yeasts is __________.
budding
59) A(n) __________ is a potential explanation for a set of observations made by a scientist studying a phenomenon.
hypothesis
60) Bacteria that can live without oxygen are termed __________.
anaerobic
61) Robert Koch discovered the cause of __________, a disease of animals that can be spread to humans.
anthrax
62) A(n) __________ is a mass of cells that are descended from a single cell through successive cell divisions.
colony
63) The first true vaccine provided protection from disease caused by a(n) __________.
virus
64) Ignaz Semmelweis demonstrated the importance of __________ as a means of preventing disease transmission.
handwashing
65) A term synonymous with immunization, __________ is derived from the Latin name of the cowpox virus.
vaccination
66) The use of chemicals to treat diseases such as bacterial infections is called __________.
chemotherapy
67) Organisms such as bacteria that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate are often studied in __________ microbiology.
environmental
68) The __________ of an organism is all the chemical reactions that take place in the organism.
metabolism