when blood leaves the heart, it first enters where?
into the arteries
the artrioventricular valves are closed when....
when pressure is too high then, the ventricles contract.
fluid that escapes from circulatory system due to high pressure is referred to as?
interstitial fluid
arterioles and arteries which one has more smooth muscle?
arteries
following a heart attack, the damaged heart muscle is difficult to repair because?
the body cannot replace cardiac muscle tissue making the damage permanent.
the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and produces lubricant for heart contraction is the?
serous pericardium
surgical removal of the sinoatrial node would most likely result in?
needing a pacemaker
indirect exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues is the primary function of?
capillaries
the left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle must?
because it must generate enough force and blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta
the aortic semilunar valve opens when?
when there is pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk
after blood flows through the right atrium of the heart, its next major destination is the?
through the tricuspid valve
what blood vessels transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
the superior, the inferior vena cava, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary vein, and the aorta
know what makes up the systemic circuit
its the part of the circulatory system in which the blood leaves the heart, services the body's cells and then reenters the heart.
dexoygenated blood always flows towards...
the arteries. ( away from the heart)
blood pressure in veins is lower than arteries and a series of __________are neccessary to prevent backflow of blood
valves
blood pumped from the right ventricle is_____and enters the _______
deoxygenated lungs
electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of heart muscles are initiated in the?
the brain
artherosclerosis is a condition that results in a thickening of arterial walls due to build up of fatty deposits containing?
plaque
the sinoatrial node regulates?
the rate and rhythm of the heart know as the pacemaker of the heart
an electrocardiogram is used to?
check for problems with the electrical activity of the heart.
blood pressure is highest in the?
systolic pressure
what risk factors for atherosclerosis include factors that can raise the levels of blood cholesterol
eating fatty foods, not exercising, high blood pressure high cholesterol.
(plaque builds up in the arteries which consist of fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other stuff found in the blood. )
what condition is typically treated by cardioversion?
irregular heart rhythms
cardiac output can be calculated by?
multiply heart rate by stroke volume
what do baroreceptors regulate?
blood pressure.
when the force of blood on the walls of blood vessels drop below normal, the condition is referred to as?
hypotension
where in the body is the regulation of cardiac output centered?
the area of the brain called the medulla oblongata
what part of the brain regulates heart activity?
medulla oblongata
what is an angiogram?
an xray photograph of blood or lymph vessels.
symptoms of a heart attack...
chest pain, a sense of tightness or pressure on the chest making it hard to breath, pain in left arm, also nausea, and jaw and back pain.
what happens when someone has congestive heart failure?
the high capillary blood pressure causes more fluid than usual to filter out of the capillaries and into the interstitual space causing the build up of interstitual fluid.
what are several factors known to increase the risk of a heart attack?
smoking, a lack of exercise, obesity and chronic stress