Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics Quiz Review Flashcards

Which stage in Meiosis the Crossing over takes place?

List 3 different points which leads to variation in the offspring during sexual reproduction

How many possible combination can arise from independent assortment alone?

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of Meiosis

A cell containing a single set of chromosomes

Which step of Meiosis resemble Mitosis

These are units of heredity that are made up of segments of DNA

Cells that undergo Meiosis

One parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

Any cell other than a gamete

An ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell

Two chromosomes in each pair

Name the sex chromosomes

The 22 pair of chromosomes that do not determine sex

Two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes

Four haploid daughter cells with unreplicated chromosomes

• More than 90% of the time required for meiosis
• Chromosomes begin to condense
• Homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene (Synapsis)
• Non sister chromatids exchange DNA segments (Crossing over)
• Each pair of chromosomes forms a tetrad

• Tetrads line up at the equator of the cell

• Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate
• One chromosome moves toward each pole

• A spindle apparatus forms
• Chromosomes move toward the equator of the cell

• Sister chromatids are arranged at the equator of the cell

• Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles

Chromosomes which combine genes inherited from each parent

The fusion of two gametes produces how many combinations

Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate

Mating two contrasting, true-breeding varieties

The true-breeding parents

The hybrid offspring of the P generation

F1 individuals self-pollinate producing

Individuals carry pairs of hereditary "elements" for each trait. These pairs separate for reproduction and reform pairs in offspring

Alternative versions of a gene

A heritable factor

An organism with two identical alleles for a character

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene

Determines the organism's appearance

Has no noticeable effect on appearance

Physical appearance

Genetic makeup

What is the genotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross

What is the phenotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross

Used to tell the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype

What is the phenotypic ratio from an dihybrid cross

When phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical

The phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties

Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

• Albinism
• Cystic fibrosis
• Phenylketonuria
• Sickle - cell disease
• Tay-Sachs disease

• Achondroplasia
• Huntington's Disease
• Polydactyly

Most genes have multiple phenotypic effects

The liquid that bathes the fetus is removed and tested

A sample of the placenta is removed and tested