Campbell Biology: Final Review Flashcards

At its most basic, this unifying concept has been describe as "descent with Modification"

Founded the binomial classification system for living organisms.

The smallest unit of living things that can evolve.

This group, which includes the majority of unicellular eukaryote lineages, is sometimes called the "junk drawer" of modern phylogeny.

The dominant generation of a seed plant's life cycle (gymnosperm or angiosperm)

Because fungi are unable to make their own food, they secrete enzymes to absorb it, which is a form of this nutritional mode.

Two specialized types of cells/tissues that are only present in animals, and underlie many of their adaptions.

Both gram positive and gram negative bacterial cells have this type of cell wall, just in differing amounts.

This protective layer keeps spores from drying out, and was a key adaption for plants moving to land.

Fungi share the use of this structural material with their animal neighbors, the arthropods.

Most animal phyla show this type of body symmetry, as well as three germ layers

This theory describes how eukaryotic cells originate, by engulfing small prokaryotes.

The presence of two types of spores, megaspores and microspores in seed plants.

What is the name of the eukaryotic supergroup that includes the fungi and the animals?

This group of brainy mollusks are predatory, and have a closed circulatory system, unlike their clammy cousins.

Major contribution to biology published by Charles Darwin.

In what year was Charles Darwin's work published?

These pioneering photosynthesizers count the green and red algal groups as their closet relatives.

What is the name of the protist supergroup containing land plants, red, and green algae?

Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots, these are one of the traits that separate plants from their algal relatives

Name the other three traits that distinguish plants from algae, besides apical meristems.

These thin multicellular filaments make up the bulk of fungal growth.

What are a network of hyphae called?

Not only are these arthropods the most species rich group of any life form, they usually undergo some find of metamorphosis in their lifetime.

What is an insect's molting process called?

The gene pool of a population that is not evolving is said to fit this principle.

Name five characteristics of a population not evolving.

This group of small, single celled organisms without organelles don't appear to fit the "biological species concept", because they lack lack sexual reproduction.

The female reproductive element of an angiosperm flower, it produces megaspores and, therefore female gametophytes. The ovary is in its base.

The process of haploid nuclei fusing and producing diploid cells/

The fusion of cytoplasm.

Lancelets, tunicates, and hagfishes represent three groups of chordates that are pre- this major grouping of the animal kingdom.

Most of the vertebrates are gnathosomes, which means they have what feature?

What is the proximate age of Earth?

These two categories represent the two parts of each organism's scientific name?

The maintenance of steady state in an animal, despite internal and external changes.

Examples in a plant include stems, leaves, roots, and flowers in angiosperms.

These major zones of life on earth are characterized by physical environment and vegetation type.

Fossils can be aged using the unstable decay of isotopes in this process.

These three domains represent all of life on earth.

These are the four stages of food processing that take place in an animal.

This type of cell is your "average plant cell", and typically will photosynthesize or store materials.

In this top layer of an aquatic biome, organisms can produce their own food from sunlight.

Both the Cambrian Explosion and the colonization of land happened around this same relative time period in the earth's history.

The evolutionary history of a species, or group of species, often represented in a branched diagram.

The daily fluctuations in metabolism and behavior in an animal, which are attuned to the cycles of light and dark in the environment.

The root apical meristem is protected by this structure, as it pushes down through the ground.

This change in a human population occurs as a result of improved sanitation, education, and health care, as the population moves from high birth and death rates and short lifespans, to low birth and death rates and long lifespans.

The geological phenomenon greatly influenced the physical environment, climate patterns, and the distribution of species on the exposed parts of the earth's plates.

What type of speciation does continental drift represent?

Groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor/branch point, and are each other's closest relatives.

Mammmals have how many circuits in their circulation.

What are the names of the two circuits mammals have?

This phenomenon, consisting of solute concentration and physical pressure, is responsible for the direction of water movement in a plant.

Exponential population growth is represented by this letter in our population growth equation.

The exponential curve is shaped like what letter?

This mass extinction ended the era of the dinosaurs.

What is the prevailing theory for the cause of dinosaur extinction?

This monophyletic grouping includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants in a tree shaped diagram.

The name of the structures within the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

The substance that moves from sources to sinks in plant vascular tissue.

This type of interaction occurs when two species live in direct and close contact or association with each other. These interactions can be harmful, helpful, or neutral.